<p>The F.M. Norris House, also known as the Patton House and the Gerard Photography Studio, was a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. Fred Magee Norris  served two terms as the mayor of the city. He was married to Elizabeth  Norris . They had Chris Rye build this Prairie School house for them. While Rye built some of Walter Burley Griffin&#39;s designs, it is possible that he designed this house himself. It featured a horizontal emphasis, wide eaves, broad hip roof, and stucco walls. The building was altered by Jerome J. Gerard  for his photography studio. In addition to his photographic work, he wrote for the magazine Popular Photography for 20 years. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Episcopal Church was founded in 1804 by James Kilbourne, the same Episcopal deacon who founded the city in which the church resides, Worthington, Ohio, and for whom a nearby high school  and middle school  are named. It was the first Episcopal church built west of the Allegheny Mountains, built between 1827-1831, with Kilbourne Hall  constructed in 1927 and the churchs Early Education Center in 1962.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s is among the 80 member congregations comprising the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Ohio.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the church itself, the Township Hall and cemetery behind the church were all inducted to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery behind the church contains at least 317 burials from the community from between 1804 and 1882.</p><br>
<p>143 Highland Avenue is a well-preserved late 19th-century tenement house in the town of Hardwick, Vermont. It was built about 1889 to serve as housing for workers in the area&#39;s granite quarries, and preserves a number of the utilitarian features that characterize these types of worker housing. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>143 Highland Avenue is located in a residential area north of the commercial center of Hardwick, on the south side of Highland Avenue between Daniels Road and Riverside Terrace. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is oriented to the east, facing its parking area. It is symmetrically arranged and five bays wide, with a modest center entrance sheltered by a shed-roof porch that extends between flanking polygonal bays. The roof above is pierced by two shed-roof single-window dormers. The gabled sides are four bays wide; with the basement exposed at the rear and left side due to the lot&#39;s sloping terrain. The interior houses mirror-image units on the first and second floors, with an additional unit in the attic space. The basic layout of the first and second floor units is historical, although accommodations have been made for plumbing (not present in the original construction) during rehabilitation of the structure. Period woodwork was retained during the rehabilitation as much as possible, and an ahistoric rear porch system was replaced by one more closely resembling that of early photographs.</p><br>
<p>This building was constructed about 1889, in order to address burgeoning demand for worker housing in the areas granite quarries and processing sheds. Unlike other industrial communities, Hardwicks businesses did not build company-owned housing to satisfy this demand, relying instead on local residents to provide housing. This tenement was apparently built by J.J. Campbell, who purchased the parcel and lived in a house across the street.</p><br>
<p>Athenry Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in Athenry, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Athenry Castle is located off Court Lane in the east part of Athenry, on the west bank of the River Clarin. It is sited on a natural rise and defended the ford.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Despite being locally known as King Johns Castle or King Johns Court (after the Lord of Ireland 1177–1216), it wasn&#39;t built until twenty years after his reign.</p><br>
<p>The original keep (constructed 1235/40) was low and squat, the roof being at the level of the present second floor. Meyler de Bermingham extended it c. 1250. In 1316 the castle was attacked, leading to the construction of city walls. In the 15th century the Berminghams moved from it to their town house near the market cross in the square. In 1596 the castle fell into the hands of the O&#39;Donnells.</p><br>
<p>The battlements are 13th century and in the 15th century, these parapets were incorporated into gables for a new roof.</p><br>
<p>The castle was restored in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Athenry Castle is a large rectangular building with base-batter, originally containing only a hall on the upper level and storerooms at ground level. The battlements are 13th century with tall arrowslits in the merlons. In the 15th century, these parapets were incorporated into gables at the north and south ends for a new roof. Parts of the original enclosure wall of the castle survive.</p><br>
<p>The original entrance was at first-floor level and was reached by an external wooden stairs. Heat was probably provided by a brazier in the centre of the hall, with the smoke exiting through a louver or opening in the roof directly above. The garderobe is diagonally across from the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>There is fine carving on the exterior of the doorway and on the inner side of two of the window openings.</p><br>
<p>The capitals are carved with floral motifs in a local style, known as the "School of the West", transitional between Romanesque and Late Gothic.</p><br>
<p>A mural staircase led to the top floor. Wall-towers were built at the northeast and southeast corners, while the southwest corner was fortified by the gate.</p><br>
<h2>In fiction</h2><br>
<p>The castle features in the 2005 children&#39;s historical novel: Hoofbeats: Lara at Athenry Castle by Kathleen Duey.</p><br>
<p>The Railroad Street Bridge is a historic Pratt through truss bridge, carrying Railroad Street across the Lamoille River in Johnson, Vermont. It was built in 1928, after the state&#39;s devastating 1927 floods, and is one of its few surviving Pratt through truss bridges. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 as Bridge 6.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Railroad Street Bridge is located south of the town center of Johnson, providing access across the Lamoille River to rural areas south of the village, and historically to a railroad line (now the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. The bridge is a single-span Pratt through truss, with a clear span of 140 ft and a width of 23 ft, and rests on concrete abutments. A sidewalk about 5 ft wide is cantilevered outside the upstream truss. The bridge deck is concrete laid over deck plating on I-beam stringers.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1928, its trusses fabricated by the Bethlehem Steel Company. It is one of the states few surviving Pratt through trusses, and is unusually wide for bridges built after the states devastating 1927 floods. Bridges have been documented at this site since 1859, although the crossing became important to the community after the railroad service arrived in 1876, and resulted in the creation of a small industrial area near the railroad. The bridge washed away in 1927 was a covered bridge of uncertain construction date. The present bridge was rehabilitated in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Farm is a historic farm property at 4592 Dorset Road in Shelburne, Vermont. Established in 1788, the farm was operated continuously into the late 20th century by a single family, and includes a well-preserved Greek Revival farmhouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Sutton Farm is located in a rural area of northeastern Shelburne, on about 100 acre of land bisected by Dorset Road south of Barstow Road. The main farm complex is set on both sides of Dorset Road, south of Sutton Farm Lane, a residential development built on land historically associated with the farm. Including that development, the farm property is roughly rectangular, with acreage on the west side of the road cultivated, and that on the east side divided between crops, pasture, and hay. Stone walls line some of the boundaries between usages. The farmstead consists of a brick Cape style farmhouse, set on the west side of the road; it was built about 1815 as a plank-framed wood frame structure, and was finished in brick about 1830, at which time its Greek Revival features were also added. Adjacent to the house are a garage of and chicken house, both built in the 1930s, while a long barn and silos, all from the mid-20th century, stand on the east side of the road.</p><br>
<p>The farm property was acquired in 1788 by Benjamin Sutton, a native of Greenwich, Connecticut. He and his family lived at first in log cabins (built in two separate locations on the property), before this house was built in the mid-1810s. The house is notable for its unusually high kneewall in the upper story, a feature found only in a few surviving homes in northeastern Shelburne, and thus probably the work of a particular local builder. The house was finished in brick, probably when Sutton&#39;s son Bryon took over the farm in the 1830s. Sutton descendants continued to farm the property themselves until about 1985, at which time farmers of the adjacent land to the south took over operations.</p><br>
<p>The Glebe House is a historic house museum at 49 Hollow Road in Woodbury, Connecticut. Built about 1740, it is a prominent local example of Georgian colonial architecture. It is also important as the site of the first Episcopal Church election in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is open for regular tours between May and October, and by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Glebe House stands near the southern end of Woodbury&#39;s main village, on the south side of Hollow Road near its junction with Connecticut Route 317. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a modified saltbox profile. Its front roof has two faces in the gambrel form, and the rear face,also gambreled, is slightly curved, extending down to the top of the first floor. It has a five-bay front facade, with a center entrance topped by a transom window and corniced entablature. The building interior retains many original features, including one of the largest known kitchen fireplaces in the state.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Glebe House was built around 1740 for Rev. John Rutgers Marshall and his wife Sarah as the rectory for St. Paul&#39;s Church in Woodbury. The Marshalls lived there from 1771 until 1785. On March 29, 1783, it was the site of the first episcopal election in the United States. Ten clergy met at the house and selected Samuel Seabury and Jeremiah Leaming as candidates for Bishop of Connecticut. Leaming was the first choice of the clergy and Seabury as backup if Leaming declined, which he did, due to age and health.</p><br>
<p>After the Marshalls left the house, it fell into disrepair by the 1920s. In 1923, the house was purchased by Edward C. Acheson, Bishop Coadjutor of Connecticut, who formed the Seabury Society for the Preservation of Glebe House. Under the direction of Henry Watson Kent, the Secretary of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the house was restored. In 1926, Gertrude Jekyll was commissioned to design an "old fashioned" garden to enhance the newly created museum. Her design included a hedge with a flower border and path leading to the door; a small, formal garden and six vegetable plots in the rear of the house; and narrow borders flanking the door.</p><br>
<p>The Keerl–Decker House is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. It was designed by local architect E.R. Bogardus, and completed in 1902. The two-story frame structure features a full height front porch with Ionic columns. There is also a similar single-story side porch. The house is capped with a hip roof with dormers, and a denticulated cornice with modillions. It was built for Irving Keerl, who served as Clerk of Courts for Cerro Gordo County, and he was one of the organizers of the Iowa State Bank of Mason City. The house is also associated with the Decker family who owned it from 1919 to 1965. They operated the Decker Meat Packing Plant, which is now operated by ConAgra Foods. The house was converted into a restaurant in the 1970s. It was at that time that an addition to house a commercial kitchen was built. The house has subsequently been converted into a bed and breakfast. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Rogers-Knutson House is a historic building located in Clear Lake, Iowa, United States. Built in 1895, the house was built for Francis M. Rogers. He was a farmer, served in the Civil War, was the clerk of court and ran a clothing store in Mason City before he bought the private First National Bank in Clear Lake in 1889. He went on to serve on the board of education, city council, and as mayor of Clear Lake. Clarence and Hazel Knutson bought the house in 1920. Clarence was also a banker and served as mayor. Knutson worked in the family hardware store, served in the Iowa Legislature, and served as the president of the Iowa Hardware Mutual Insurance Company from 1931 to 1960. Hazel Knutson was involved with a variety of civic clubs and organizations, including conservation efforts. She also served as president of the Iowa League of Women Voters.</p><br>
<p>The house features a variety of Late Victorian architectural elements. It follows an irregular plan that includes Eastlake incised bargeboards and porch fretwork, and Queen Anne leaded, etched and colored windows and decorative stickwork on some of the gable ends. The house has an exuberant roofline that features a jumble of gables, gabled dormers, and jerkinhead dormers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John L. Etzel House, also known as the Etzel-Brindley House, is a historic building located in Clear Lake, Iowa, United States. Etzel was a local merchant and financier. He was an incorporator and served as president of the Cerro Gordo State Bank. He and his brother George founded Clear Lake Electric Light and Power Company and he served as its president. Etzel was appointed the local postmaster in 1885. He was the first person to own this house, which is an example of late Victorian eclectic design. It was one of seven similar houses that were built by local banker Frank Rogers between 1890 and 1910. Completed in 1894, the two-story frame house features an irregular plan. The second story of the main facade is cantilevered over the first story, and supported by four ornate brackets. The gabled front porch, which extends beyond the side of the house, has turned posts and gingerbread ornamentation. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Burklyn Hall is a historic estate house on Darlington Hill Road, straddling the town line between Burke and Lyndon, Vermont, USA. Built in the early 1900s for Elmer Darling, a locally-born New York hotelier, it is one of Vermont&#39;s largest and most opulent Colonial Revival houses, and was the centerpiece of a large country estate. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Burklyn Hall is located at the highest point of the Darling Hill ridge, which extends north-south in northeastern Lyndon and southern Burke. The house is a large three-story wood-frame structure resting on a granite foundation. Its main section is square, covered by a hip roof with gabled dormers and a balustraded widow&#39;s walk at the center. Projecting south along the ridge is a long ell. The main entrance faces north, under a massive two-story Greek temple facade, and a porte-cochere on the west side is joined to an outbuilding housing a lavishly decorated billiard room. The interior, in particular the four great rooms of the main floor, feature elaborate carved woodwork and plaster moldings. There are formal gardens just south of the hall, separating it from a small conservatory.</p><br>
<p>Elmer Darling, a native of Burke, made a fortune operating the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City. Burklyn Hall (named for its position on the town line) was designed by the architectural firm Jardine, Kent & Jardine and built in 1904-08. It features amenities not normally found in domestic architecture of the period, including elevators and a central vacuuming system. It was the centerpiece of a country estate covering 1,400 acre (essentially all of Darling Hill), listed on the National Register as the Darling Estate Historic District.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-20th century, Burklyn Hall was used as a dormitory by Lyndon College.</p><br>
<p>The Tavern on Mutton Hill, also known locally  as the 1812 Tavern, is a historic former public accommodation on Church Hill Road in Charlotte, Vermont. Built in 1813, it is a prominent local example of Federal period architecture, and the town&#39;s only documented 19th-century tavern house built out of brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Tavern on Mutton Hill stands in a cluster of residential buildings in an otherwise rural area of northeastern Charlotte, on the west side of Church Hill Road south of its junction with Mutton Hill Road. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a redstone foundation and window sills. The gable ends each have two chimneys, joined by a raised parapet. The front facade is six bays wide, with the main entrance set in the bay left of center; it is topped by a rectangular transom with a suburst pattern. The interior retains period woodwork and finishes, although there have been numerous alterations, including the removal of some walls and the addition of partitions. The former ballroom space on the second floor, extending across the front of the building, has survived with little alteration.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1813 by Nathaniel Newell, the son of the local Congregationalist minister Abel Newell, who died the previous year in a typhus epidemic. Newell was the town&#39;s wealthiest citizen and a prominent civic leader, serving in the state legislature. In addition to owning this tavern (where he lived with his family), he owned a local tannery, and a dry goods store in Burlington. The tavern is located on what was formerly the principal stagecoach route through Charlotte, and an early alignment of United States Route 7. The tavern was owned by the Edgerton family for more than a century after passing out of the hands of the Newell family.</p><br>
<p>Pallas Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Galway, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Pallas Castle is located to the west of Pallas House, 2.8 km south of Tynagh, 1.6 km (1 mile) north of the Duniry River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The castle was built by the Burkes c. 1500. In 1574 it was owned by Jonyck Fitzthomas Burke, but after the restoration it passed to the Nugent Lords of Westmeath. Near the tower at the west end, there is a rectangular flanker, an 18th-century malt house and the remains of a large 17th-century gabled house. Some buildings in the southwest corner probably date from the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The tower is 5 storeys high, with the third storey vaulted. The thick end wall contains a tier of mural chambers and a winding stair.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of good fireplaces preserved on the various floors.</p><br>
<p>The fourth floor has attractive mullioned windows framed in arches. The roof was still thatched in the early part of the 20th century, the bottom being covered with stone flags for protection.</p><br>
<p>The tower is surrounded by a well-preserved bawn, entered via a two-storey gatehouse. The bawn has two towers with turrets at each corner, and has internal steps and parapets.</p><br>
<p>The East Park Band Shell is a historic structure located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. The band shell was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city acquired the first 40 acre for East Park in 1909. F.E. Pease designed the park with its two entrances off of State Street, the curving drives, a small pond, tennis courts, and a music pavilion. The park has subsequently grown to include 57 acre, and the city has added other amenities. In 1920 the Mason City Chamber of Commerce organized a municipal band made up of professional musicians from around the country to give a series of summer concerts. James M. Fulton from Boston was the conductor, and Mason City native Meredith Willson played the flute and piccolo.</p><br>
<p>The band utilized a portable bandstand for their concerts until this one was dedicated on July 24, 1924. It was designed by a local draftsman named Lester Lewis. Its dedication in 1924 makes this structure, along with the W.D. Petersen Memorial Music Pavilion in Davenport (1924), the two oldest band shells in Iowa. It was also among the first structures built in East Park. Concerts and other civic activities have been held here ever since. During the period of time that Carleton Stewart was the conductor (1937-1963) several changes were made to the band shell. An addition was built onto the rear, the front of the stage was extended to create an apron, the vertical board and batten siding was added to the facade, and a stone veneer was applied to the front of the apron. It is not known the exact year that these additions were made.</p><br>
<p>Wilson was no longer in the municipal band when the band shell was dedicated. He is known to have been in it twice. The first time was on August 22, 1939, when he conducted the Municipal Band, during which they played his composition for the United States Army Air Corps, Wings on High. The second occasion was in June 1962 when USA Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon presented him with the President&#39;s Gold Medallion for his promotion of the Bonds for Freedom.</p><br>
<p>The Burrington Covered Bridge is a historic queenpost truss covered bridge in Lyndon, Vermont. Built in the 19th century, it is one of five covered bridges in Lyndon. It formerly carried Burrington Bridge Road across the Passumpsic River; it has been bypassed by a modern bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Burrington Covered Bridge is in a rural area northeast of downtown Lyndon, just south of Vermont Route 114 and west of Burrington Bridge Road. VT 114 parallels the Passumpsic Rivers north bank, and Burrington Bridge Road spans the river just upstream from the covered bridge. The bridge is a single-span queenpost truss structure, 68 ft long and 15 ft wide, with a 12.5 ft roadway. It rests on abutments of either stone faced in concrete or rebuilt out of concrete. The bridge is covered by a gabled roof with wide eaves, and has vertical board siding rising about halfway up its sides. The trusses include iron rods running from the peaks of the diagonal bracing down to the trusss bottom chord. The bridge decking is wooden planking. The portals project beyond the ends of the trusses, and are faced in vertical board siding. The portal openings have diagonal corners.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is one of five surviving 19th-century covered bridges in Lyndon. All exhibit similar features: wide eaves, shortened siding, and projecting portals. This bridge was used until 1965, when the new bridge was built upstream.</p><br>
<p>The Lee Tracy House is a historic house on United States Route 7 in the village center of Shelburne, Vermont. Built in 1875, it is one of a small number of brick houses built in the town in the late 19th century, and is architecturally a distinctive vernacular blend of Gothic and Italianate styles. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lee Tracy House stands near the center of Shelburne village, on the west side US 7 a short way north of its junction with Harbor Road. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a side gable roof. The roof is steeply pitched in the Gothic style, and has a front-facing central gable. The front facade is three bays wide, with a single-story porch extending around the south side to a polygonal bay. On the ground floor, only the outer bays have windows, both elongated sash. On the second floor, the windows are set in segmented-arch openings, with stone sills and headers; the central bay is larger, with a pair of windows in the opening. The main entrance is on the north side of the house, set under a separate porch, featuring the same elaborate woodwork found on that facing the road. A contemporary two-story ell extends to the rear of the main block, and the property also includes a period carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1875 for Lee Tracy, a local wool trader. Family lore claims that a man named Edgerton was responsible for its design, which is clearly based on the principles laid out by Calvert Vaux in his treatise Villas and Cottages. Although it is not as elaborate as some Gothic and Italianate houses, its massing and scale are clearly within those styles, as are its relatively modest stylistic details.</p><br>
<p>The Burren River is a river in Ireland, flowing through County Carlow.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Burren River rises on the north face of Mount Leinster and flows northward under the R724 (Ullard Bridge, west of Fenagh) and under the N80. It continues northward through Rathoe meeting the Aghalona River in Inchisland and turns westwards, passing under the M9 in Moyle Big. The Burren River goes under the N80 again at Ballinacarrig Bridge. It flows through the southern part of Carlow town and passes under the railway line, R448 and R417 (Burrin Street) and then drains into the River Barrow.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species include brown trout, three-spined stickleback, nine-spined stickleback, Atlantic salmon, stone loach, common bream, roach, perch and lamprey.</p><br>
<p>Tecate Creek is a stream in northern Baja California, Mexico with its headwaters in southern San Diego County, California in the United States. It begins along the Tecate Divide in the In-Ko-Pah Mountains, near Live Oak Springs. The upper reaches of the stream in the US are known as Campo Creek. It flows southwest, crossing the Mexico–United States border at Canyon City, before flowing through the city of Tecate, Baja California. West of Tecate it flows through a gorge and briefly re-enters the US where it combines with Cottonwood Creek to form the Rio Alamar, a tributary of the Tijuana River which it joins in Central Tijuana.</p><br>
<p>The portion of Tecate Creek in Mexico is about 29.9 km long. Combined with Campo Creek in the US, it is 57.5 km, making it one of the longest tributaries of the Tijuana River.</p><br>
<p>Monte Erice, or ancient Greek Mount Eryx, is a mountain of Sicily, in the province of Trapani.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is to the east of Trapani and encompasses an area of 18.3 km. The Lenzi River has its source on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The city of Erice is located on the summit, the frazione of and the suburbs of Trapani are located on the western slopes, and the comune of Valderice is on the eastern side of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is covered by vegetation: there is a forest of Aleppo pine around Martogna, oak in the state forest of Sant&#39;Anna, as well as holm oak and downy oak in the Costa Spada area.</p><br>
<p>There are numerous hiking trails. The Sicilian Forestry Corps has established an agro-forestry museum at S. Matteo, 4 km from the summit of Erice.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times the mountain was occupied by the Elymians and subsequently by the Carthaginians, the Greeks, and the Romans, who worshiped Aphrodite Erycina, or Venus Erycina, there. It was renamed in 117 by the Normans, as Monte San Giuliano. The original name was restored in 1934. Until the 1950s the comune of Monte San Giuliano contained the territory of the current commune of Erice, as well as Valderice, Custonaci, San Vito Lo Capo and Buseto Palizzolo.</p><br>
<p>Since 1954, the Monte Erice hillclimbing championship has taken place on its slopes every year.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Lester-Lester Cafe, also known as the Dodge House-Long Branch, is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. Its construction, completed in 1915, was a project undertaken by local real estate developer Meir Wolf. It was built as a two-story building a block away from the passenger and freight depots of the Chicago and North Western Railroad and the Chicago Great Western Railway. The building was meant to be used as a railroad hotel so passengers and rail employees would not have to travel the six to eight blocks to the hotels downtown. It is the only remaining railroad hotel left in Mason City. Hotel guests stayed in the 29 rooms on the second floor, and three commercial spaces on the first floor were occupied by a variety of restaurants, grocery stores and barbershops. Its most famous guest was track star Jesse Owens, who was in town in December 1937 for a basketball exhibition. He could not stay at the other hotel&#39;s in town because of his race. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>An arsonist set fire to the building on September 6, 2006 and did significant damage to the structure. It had been vacant for five years at that time.</p><br>
<p> Bucket Lake  Eimersee) is a lake in Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. At an elevation of 14 m, its surface area is 1.5 ha. The lake belongs to Eckernförde.</p><br>
<p>The genesis of the bucket lake in Eckernförde is unique: a polythene bucket (hence the name) was used as a plug in a pipe in 1990. Since then, the lake has become a habitat with a huge diversity of plants and animals. This was also seen as a successful example of cheap land restoration in Japan, in South Korea and in the United States.</p><br>
<p>A short documentary about the lake was shown at the Green Screen film festival, at the Matsalu Nature Film Festival in Estonia and is shown at the Innsbruck Nature Film Festival (Austria) in 2016. The documentary from German filmmaker Sven Bohde is available in German, English and Japanese.</p><br>
<p>The Centre Covered Bridge, also known as the Sanborn Covered Bridge, is a historic covered bridge, spanning the Passumpsic River next to USA Route 5  north of the center of Lyndon, Vermont. Built in 1872, it was moved to its present location and taken out of service in 1960. It is one of three surviving Paddleford truss bridges in Vermont. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Centre Covered Bridge is located just west (downstream) of US 5 on the northern outskirts of the village of Lyndonville. It is a single-span Paddleford truss structure, set on concrete abutments, and is oriented north–south across the Passumpsic River. It is 118 ft long and 20 ft wide, with a roadway width of 17.5 ft. What is left of its deteriorating deck is made of wooden planking. The bridge is covered by a metal roof with very long eaves, and has vertical board siding extending over the lower half of the trusses on the sides. The portals project beyond the ends of the trusses, and are also sheathed in vertical boards. The portal openings are framed as segmented arches. A sidewalk (also with deteriorated and unusable decking) is cantilevered on the outside of the east side.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1872, and was originally located about 1 mi to the south, providing access between Lyndonville and Lyndon Center. It was moved in 1960 to its present location, at which time it was closed to traffic. The bridge is one of three surviving Paddleford truss bridges in the state, and is the longest of those three. The outside walkway is one of five such features found on covered bridges in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Church Studio is a recording studio housed in an old church in Tulsa, Oklahoma. During the 1970s it became closely associated with its owner, recording artist Leon Russell, and with the genre of music known as the Tulsa Sound.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 2017 due to its significance to American music culture and being the heart of the Tulsa Sound.</p><br>
<p>Originally built in 1915 as Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, the stone structure located at 304 South Trenton Avenue in Tulsa&#39;s Pearl District was converted to a recording studio in 1972 by Leon Russell, who bought the building and adjoining properties for his diverse recording activities and as a home for Shelter Records, the company he had earlier started with partner Denny Cordell.</p><br>
<p>Numerous musicians recorded at The Church, including Willie Nelson, Eric Clapton, Bonnie Raitt, Dwight Twilley, Dr. John, JJ Cale, The Gap Band, Freddie King, Phoebe Snow and Peter Tosh. Tom Petty, with his early band Mudcrutch, signed his first record deal with Shelter Records there.</p><br>
<p>Leon Russell ultimately was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame. In 2010, the Pearl District Association and the city of Tulsa collaborated to rename as "Leon Russell Road" the section of East Third Street where the church is located. After he died in 2016, flowers, paintings, memorabilia, and notes left by fans covered the church steps as a memorial.</p><br>
<p>Russell eventually sold the building. Tulsa musician Steve Ripley, leader of The Tractors and partners bought it in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Ripley sold it in 2006. In 2009 new owners Jakob and Randy Miller declared their intention to revive it as a music facility. In 2016 the building was purchased by Tulsa entrepreneur Teresa Knox and her husband Ivan Acosta. They have said they intend to renovate the building (in a process that will take about two years), seek registration on the National Register of Historic Places, and use it as a recording studio and community facility.</p><br>
<p>The Mason City YMCA is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. The local YMCA was organized in 1892 and it was housed in a variety of places in the city. Various attempts were made to build their own building and properties were acquired and traded before this location was acquired from St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church. Charles McNider, a local community leader, led the campaign to build this structure. The Minneapolis architectural firm of Tyrie and Chapman designed the Colonial Revival style building that was built by Madsen Construction Company, also of Minneapolis. Many of the materials used in its construction were produced locally. Even though it was completed late in 1926 it sat empty until all the pledges to complete its construction were fulfilled. The building contained room for athletic facilities, a restaurant, offices, and dormitory rooms on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Local legend has it that two members of John Dillinger&#39;s gang stayed here while they cased the city before, Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, John Hamilton and Tommy Carroll robbed the First National Bank in 1934, which was owned by McNider.</p><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Mason City, also known as Norwest Bank Building and City Center of Mason City, is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, and it was the only Mason City commission for this firm. Completed in 1911, it was constructed by C.E. Atkinson of Webster City, Iowa who had built several other H.F. Liebbe designs. The 6½-story building follows the Early Commercial style. It features modestly decorated main floor and attic level with five floors of rather plain brick construction in between. The bank occupied most of the first floor and some of the office space above, while the other office space was taken up by professional offices. By the 1960s the bank occupied the whole building. John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, John Hamilton and Tommy Carroll robbed the bank on March 13,1934 and stole about $50,000. City Center of Mason City Inc. bought the building in 1995, and remodeled it into apartments and offices.</p><br>
<p>The Jack Creek Guard Station is a ranger patrol cabin in Medicine Bow National Forest in Carbon County, Wyoming. The one-room log cabin was built by USA Forest Service district ranger Evan John Williams in 1933-34. It was built to Forest Service Plan A-4, featuring half-dovetailed corners and a deep front porch with a gabled wood shake roof. A stove is vented through a brick chimney at the back of the cabin.</p><br>
<p>In his career with the Forest Service Williams built or renovated five other ranger stations one hundred miles of trail, two fire lookouts and miles of fencing and telephone line. Williams died in 1970. His ashes are interred a short distance behind the cabin.</p><br>
<p>The Jack Creek Guard Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Medicine Bow Union Pacific Depot was built 1912-1919 in Medicine Bow, Wyoming for the Union Pacific Railway. It is a typical example of Union Pacific railway architecture with a hipped clay shingle roof with broad overhangs supported by brackets over a one-story wood frame station structure. The depot features a projecting bay designed to allow the station master to see incoming trains. The western section of the building contained the waiting room, the station office and a baggage room, while the eastern section contained living quarters for the stationmaster and his family. The station functioned in its original purpose until May 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Medicine Bow Depot was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Union County Performing Arts Center , formerly the Rahway Theatre, is a non-profit performance venue in Rahway, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. UCPAC is the site of the annual Rahway International Film Festival.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was founded as the vaudeville venue and silent movie house Rahway Theater in 1928 as the nation’s first “million dollar” movie palace. It contains an original, working, fully restored Wurlitzer pipe organ which was placed on the American Theatre Organ Society&#39;s National Registry of Significant Instruments. It is an example of "Movie Palace" architecture, designed in the classical revival style by New York architect David M. Oltarsh.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, at the behest of Rahway&#39;s then-mayor James J. Kennedy, the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders invested $6.2 million in the renovation of the UCPAC Mainstage (Rahway Theater). The building fell into dilapidation as a movie house in the 1970s. It was reopened by local nonprofit preservation group in 1984, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>The UCPAC campus includes four performance spaces:</p><br>
<h3>Mainstage</h3><br>
<p>Capacity: 1334</p><br>
<h3>Hamilton Stage</h3><br>
<p>Built in 2012 abutting the Rahway River several hundred feet to the west of Mainstage, the Hamilton Stage features a new fully equipped proscenium theater.</p><br>
<p>Capacity: 199</p><br>
<h3>The Loft at Mainstage</h3><br>
<p>Capacity: 65. Built in 2008, the Loft at UCPAC is located on the 2nd floor addition of the UCPAC Mainstage.</p><br>
<h3>The Fazioli Room at Hamilton Stage</h3><br>
<p>This 40’ x 60’ rehearsal space has floor-to-ceiling conservatory windows and wall-length mirrors on one side. It holds 55-75 (at maximum).</p><br>
<p>This room contains a Fazioli piano, one of only two in New Jersey.</p><br>
<h3>The Café at UCPAC</h3><br>
<p>Hosts the Jazz Club at UCPAC.</p><br>
<h2>Programming</h2><br>
<p>Well-known acts have included Vanessa Williams, Doug E. Fresh, and Slick Rick.</p><br>
<h2>Rahway Arts District</h2><br>
<p>UCPAC hosts many art galleries, converted industrial warehouse spaces, and rehearsal/studio space.</p><br>
<h3>Rahway Residence for the Arts</h3><br>
<p>The city of Rahway and UCPAC in association with the Actors Fund is in the process of building safe affordable housing for artists only. Tenant applicants will need to submit a portfolio of work to indicate their vocation.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>UCPAC is walking distance to the direct train at Rahway Station to New York Penn Station. The ride is.</p><br>
<p>Parkers Opera House, also known as Opera House Store, Woolworths and Parker Place, is a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. It was designed by the prominent Des Moines architect William Foster. Cousins H.G. and A.T. Parker built this structure as an opera house, which was the first one in the community. While it initially filled a need in Mason City, it was replaced by more modern theatres around the turn of the 20th century. The third floor was created in the building in 1909 when it was placed across the middle of the auditorium. The first floor initially housed a clothing store, and F. W. Woolworth Company occupied it beginning in the mid-1920s, and the upper floors housed the local offices of the Standard Oil Company at the same time.</p><br>
<p>Stone was used for both structural and decorative purposes. A metal cornice caps the main facade. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998,</p><br>
<p>Cape Neupokoyev  is a headland in Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cape Neupokoyev is located north of the Vilkitsky Strait and stretches out southwestwards into the Kara Sea. This headland is the southernmost point of Bolshevik Island and of Severnaya Zemlya. There are beach ridges and swales close to Cape Neupokoyev, with the Neupokoyev Lagoon (Лагуна Неупокоева) located right to the east of the headland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld during the Vega Expedition in 1878 sailed very close to this cape but did not notice it.</p><br>
<p>In 1882 Danish Arctic explorer and naval officer Andreas Peter Hovgaard, leader of the Dijmphna Expedition, sailed the waters of the Kara Sea in order to discover land north of the Taymyr Peninsula, but was unable to reach the peninsulas shores owing to thick ice. Later Nansens Fram expedition in 1895, as well Eduard Toll&#39;s Russian polar expedition of 1900–02 on ship Zarya failed to note any traces of land to the north of the strait between the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.</p><br>
<p>The eastern shore of present-day Severnaya Zemlya was discovered by Boris Vilkitsky in 1913 during the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition, but he did not chart the western coast of Bolshevik Island.</p><br>
<p>This headland was finally surveyed, mapped and named during the 1930–1932 expedition to the archipelago led by Georgy Ushakov and Nikolay Urvantsev. It was named after Konstantin Neupokoev (1884—1924), a naval officer, hydrographer and explorer of the Russian Hydrographic Service in Soviet times.</p><br>
<p>Wagner-Mozart Music Hall was a historic building located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. Built in 1936, this was one of, if not the first, building designed for a school music program. The concrete and brick Moderne structure was designed by Hansen & Waggoner, and built by local workers from the Works Progress Administration who used local materials. The building contained rehearsal space for instrumental music programs and a large band and orchestra room. There were two entrances into the building with caps above them. One was marked "Wagner" and the other "Mozart." One entrance led into a student vestibule that led to the rehearsal rooms and instrument storage, and the other entrance led to a public vestibule that led to the auditorium/band room. The building was also made available for community meetings and other non-music functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The University Green Historic District encompasses the central green and surrounding buildings of the main campus of the University of Vermont  in Burlington, Vermont. The green took shape in 1801, and has been a central element of the campus since then. It is flanked by some of the university&#39;s oldest and most architecturally important buildings, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The University Green at UVM is a long and roughly rectangular park, bounded on the north by Colchester Street, the south by Main Street, the east by University Place, and the west by South Prospect Street. It is roughly three blocks long in the north-south direction, and its terrain slopes, rising to east. It is criss-crossed by paved walkways, and has a fountain at the center, from which some of the walkways radiate. Trees, benches, and public artwork and memorials dot the landscape.</p><br>
<p>The architecture lining the green is divided roughly into three groups. On the east side of the green are some of the universitys finest buildings, including the Ira Allen Chapel (1926, McKim, Meade & White), the Billings Memorial Library (1883, H.H. Richardson), Williams Hall (1884, Wilson Brothers), the Old Mill (1825), the universitys oldest surviving building, and Morrill Hall (1907, C.W. Buckham). The short southern side of the green is lined by a series of four 19th-century houses, all now in university ownership and housing some of its facilities. The greens west side is dominated by Waterman Hall (1941, McKim, Meade & White), the universitys main administration building, and a cluster of buildings at the northern end that are part of the University of Vermont Medical Center. The northern flank of the park is dominated by Grasse Mount, an architecturally eclectic mansion house built in 1803.</p><br>
<p>The land that makes up the green was part of a gift to the university made by Ira Allen, and was originally intended by Allen as an open space. This was reinforced in 1801, when Allen complained of plans by the university trustees to build on it; those plans were later altered, securing its status as a park. It has acted as such to both the university community and the larger Burlington populace for over two centuries.</p><br>
<p>The Parco Historic District, also known as the Sinclair Historic District, comprises the center of Sinclair, Wyoming, originally known as Parco, surrounding the Parco Inn. The district includes 93 buildings, of which 49 are considered to be contributing structures to the district. Sinclair was built as a company town in 1924-25 with a consistent design theme by architects Fisher & Fisher in the Spanish Colonial revival style. In addition to the Parco Inn other significant structures include the Sinclair Theatre and Recreation Hall, the school, the library and the Community Church. The central plaza, business district and original worker housing also contribute.</p><br>
<p>Parco was built as a company town to house workers at the Producers and Refiners Oil Company (PARCO) refinery for oil man Frank Kistler. The town was renamed Sinclair in 1942 when the town and refinery were managed by the Sinclair Refining Company.</p><br>
<p>The Parco Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Glass Buttes are a group of volcanic mountains made up of two prominent peaks and several smaller hills. They are located in the remote northeast corner of the Lake County between Bend and Burns in central Oregon, United States. Raising high above the high desert plain, the buttes are an important landmark in an area once known as the Oregon’s Great Sandy Desert. The buttes are named for the numerous large deposits of obsidian found on their slopes. Today, most of the mountains and surrounding land are administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The mountains offer a number of recreational opportunities including rock collecting, hiking, camping, and hunting.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Glass Buttes are located in Oregon’s high desert in the northeast corner of Lake County, approximately 70 mi southeast of Bend and 50 mi west of Burns. The nearest settlement is the small unincorporated community of Hampton, Oregon, located 10 mi northwest of the buttes.</p><br>
<p>Glass Buttes include two prominent peaks and a number of adjacent hills. The highest point in the Glass Buttes complex is known as Glass Butte. Its elevation is 6,388 ft above sea level. The buttes are steep with a number of massive basalt outcroppings scatter along the slopes. There is a secondary peak southeast of the main summit called Little Glass Butte that has an elevation of 6,155 ft.</p><br>
<p>Glass Buttes were formed approximately 5 to 5.8 million years ago during the late Miocene and Pliocene epochs. The mountains are remnants of ancient silicic volcanoes that have been worn down by erosion. They were formed during three lava flow periods. The foundation flows were basalt. They were followed by rhyolitic lava flows which were in turn covered by a second series of basalt flows from local vents. The primary rock that makes up the mountains is rhyolite which in some areas has been mineralized by geothermal forces. Deposits of cinnabar, alunite, hematite, hyalite, and pyrite are also found in certain areas.</p><br>
<h2>Environment and ecology</h2><br>
<p>Glass Buttes are part of Oregon’s high desert environment. The area around the buttes is extremely arid with little or no natural surface water most of the year. In fact, Glass Buttes are a major landmark in the middle of what was once known as Oregon’s Great Sandy Desert. The ground cover on the mountain slopes is primarily sagebrush, green rabbitbrush, mountain mahogany, Idaho fescue, and bluebunch wheatgrass. However, on the north and west facing slopes and in some canyon areas there are dispersed western juniper trees and some pine groves with an understory dominated by sagebrush and mountain mahogany. There are also willows in some seasonal drainage areas.</p><br>
<p>Glass Buttes and the surrounding area host a variety of wildlife. Larger mammals found in the area include pronghorn, black-tailed deer, elk, coyotes, bobcats, and cougars. Smaller mammals include American badgers, striped skunks, black-tailed jackrabbits, white-tailed jackrabbits, pygmy rabbits, Beldings ground squirrels, golden-mantled ground squirrels, least chipmunks, Ords kangaroo rats, canyon mice, deer mice, and northern grasshopper mice. Rattlesnakes and several lizard species are also common in the area around Glass Buttes.</p><br>
<p>Birds common to the area around Glass Buttes include sagebrush sparrow, lark sparrow, Brewers sparrow, mountain bluebird, green-tailed towhee, sage thrasher, Brewers blackbird, and black-billed magpie. The Glass Buttes area is also prime habitat for greater sage-grouse. Larger birds found in the area include barn owls, great horned owls, prairie falcons, red-tailed hawks, turkey vultures, and golden eagles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For thousands of years, Native Americans used obsidian for making cutting tools, arrowheads, and spear points. Obsidian was also an important trade good for Native Americans. Glass Buttes obsidian was used for these purposes at least 9000 years ago. Clovis people may have also collected obsidian at Glass Buttes up to 13,000 years ago. Glass Buttes obsidian has been found at sites throughout the Pacific Northwest, from British Columbia in the north to California in the south and as far east as Idaho.</p><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, American homesteaders began to settle in scattered sites around Glass Buttes. Most of the homesteaders arrived between 1910 and 1913. The only community in the area was Stauffer. It was located in the Lost Creek Valley, just south of Glass Buttes. The Stauffer post office was opened in 1913, but the community was never incorporated. Many of the settlers in Stauffer used logs from juniper trees cut on Glass Buttes to build their home. They also decorated their homes with obsidian gathers from sites around the buttes. By 1918, homesteads around Glass Buttes were being abandoned due to the lack of water for livestock. However, a small post office was maintained at Stauffer until 1950.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, Percy L. Forbes, a local rancher and self-taught geologist, began surveying the obsidian and mineral deposits in the Glass Buttes area. In 1934, the Bend Bulletin reported that Forbes had found numerous obsidian sites and had identified seven specific varieties of natural glass around Glass Buttes. His discoveries included an iridescent rainbow-colored variety with bands of blue, green, red, pink, and gold that was unique to the Glass Buttes area.</p><br>
<p>Mercury was mined in the Glass Buttes mountain complex from the mid-1940s to the early 1960s. The mercury deposits were first identified by P. L. Forbes in 1933. By 1957, there were 25 mining claims in the Glass Buttes area. At that time, the largest mine was producing 65 to 70 flasks of mercury per month. While the mercury was present in commercially valuable quantities, to cover production costs a relatively high market price was required. As a result, all the mines were closed by 1961 because the market price for mercury no longer covered the cost of production.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, a private company leased 37,500 acre around Glass Buttes from the Bureau of Land Management for geothermal exploration. The company’s geologists believed they could find 300 &deg;F water about 3,000 ft below the ground surface. The project involved construction and maintenance of several access roads as well as drilling, testing, and monitoring of up to 13 geothermal wells on public lands. The project also includes three exploratory wells on private land near Glass Buttes. An environmental assessment study was completed in 2013. Based on study, the Bureau of Land Management approved seven geothermal test wells. If the test wells find hot enough water, the company will use it to drive steam turbines to generate electricity.</p><br>
<p>Today, there is a rough road that goes to the top of Glass Butte, the highest point in the mountain complex. The road services several communication towers located at the summit. In 2015, the Oregon Department of Transportation began a project to repair or replace on-sites components of the state’s radio network used by the department of transportation and the Oregon State Police. Work on the Glass Butte towers began in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Today, most of the land on and around Glass Buttes is owned by the United States Government. Those Federal lands are administered by the Department of Interior’s Bureau of Land Management. Because the Glass Buttes complex has abundant, high-quality obsidian, the Bureau of Land Management has reserved 36 square miles as a free-use area where the public can gather obsidian for private use. No permits are required; however, individuals can only remove 250 lb of obsidian per year. There is also some state-owned land and a few private obsidian claims in the Glass Buttes area that are not generally open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Glass Buttes area is very remote and extremely rugged. The access roads are not maintained so four-wheel drive vehicles are recommended. Also, the widely dispersed natural glass (obsidian) increases the chances of a flat tire on the roads. It is normally quite dry in the Glass Buttes areas; however, when it rains the road can quickly become impassable even for four-wheel drive vehicles. There are no developed campsites or other facilities in the area; however, dispersed camping is permitted. During the summer, it is recommended that visitors check with the Prineville Bureau of Land Management District regarding fire restrictions before traveling to the area.</p><br>
<p>The Platte River Crossing, also known as Bennetts Crossing, is the point at which the Overland Trail crossed the North Platte River in Carbon County, Wyoming. The site is a natural ford created by an island in the middle of the river with a firm river bottom on either side. The location was used as a ford by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans in the West. The first Europeans to use the site were members of the William Henry Ashley fur-trading expedition of 1825, followed by John C. Frémont in 1843. In 1850, Howard Stansbury camped at the site, noting the presence of remnant Native American encampments around the site. By the time the Overland Stage Line was established in 1861, the crossing had been used by emigrants for several years. In later years, a ferry was operated at the site by Ed Bennett, leading to the site becoming known as Bennetts Crossing. When the Union Pacific Railway laid tracks through the region in 1868, the crossing fell out of use.</p><br>
<p>The site is marked by a stone monument on a small parcel of land deeded to the State of Wyoming in 1933. A small cemetery is nearby with eight known graves from the 1860s. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Rawlins Residential Historic District abuts the north and east sides of the commercial district of Rawlins, Wyoming. The area covers 15 blocks of small houses built between 1880 and 1915 in a variety of styles. The area was part of Union Pacific Railway property that was incorporated into Rawlins. One defining feature of the houses is a consistent use of locally-quarried stone in foundations and landscape walls. Apart from the houses, St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is also within the district. Styles include Queen Anne, cottage and bungalow style architecture.</p><br>
<p>George Ferris built a Queen Anne style mansion at 607 West Maple with the proceeds of his mining venture at the Ferris-Haggerty Mine, listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. A number of sheep growers and bankers built houses in the district.</p><br>
<p>The Rawlins Residential Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Ryan Ranch is a 2,000 acre ranch on the east bank of the North Platte River in Carbon County, Wyoming, about 8 mi south of Saratoga. One of the oldest ranches in the Platte Valley of central Wyoming, it was founded by Barton T. Ryan in 1874 and expanded by his son Cecil A. Ryan. The ranch headquarters comprises 17 structures arranged around a barnyard. The oldest structure is the 1875 homestead. Other buildings include sheds, shops, guest cabins, barns, trailers and a privy.</p><br>
<p>Barton T. Ryan was born in Brookville, Indiana on July 29, 1838 and grew up in Burlington, Iowa. After Army service during the American Civil War he organized a cavalry unit in which he served for three years and eventually commanded. As part of his cavalry service he came under the command of General Alfred Sully in operations against the Sioux. After leaving the Army he operated a sawmill at Fort Reno. After Fort Reno was abandoned in 1868 Ryan moved the equipment to Fort Steele on the North Platte. In 1870 Ryan returned to Burlington to marry Mary Law Ridding. They returned to Fort Steele the same year and by 1874 had established a homestead at the ranch site. Ryan went into partnership with John W. Hugus and developed a herd of as many as 7000 cattle. He also continued to operate sawmills. In politics he was Carbon County Attorney in 1872, County Assessor in 1874 and County Commissioner in 1878. He was a member of the Rawlins and Saratoga Masonic lodges.</p><br>
<p>The Ryan Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 1978. Only the headquarters section of the ranch is included in the designated area, amounting to 150 acre of the ranch.</p><br>
<p>The Saratoga Masonic Hall is a two-story brick building in downtown Saratoga, Wyoming that houses Saratogas Masonic lodge. Established in 1892, the lodge was the fourteenth to be established in Wyoming. After a time in rented space, the lodge bought the Couzens and Company Block in 1893, using the second floor for meetings and leasing the ground floor to storekeeper A. Johnson Dogget. From 1895 the ground floor was used as a school. The Masons allowed a variety of other organizations to use the building, including the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Pythian Sisters, Union Fraternal League, Modern Woodmen, Women of Woodcraft, Jobs Daughters, the Republican Party and the Ku Klux Klan.</p><br>
<p>The building faces north with a three-bay facade. The rectangular brick structure has a single-slope roof sloping from front to back. Tall windows with segmental arches are on the second floor, with a glazed wood-framed storefront below. The sides and rear are strictly utilitarian. Large meeting halls occupy both floors.</p><br>
<p>The Saratoga Masonic Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Wells House is a historic house at 61 Summit Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1891–92 for the president of a patent medicine maker, it is one of the city&#39;s finest examples of Queen Anne Victorian architecture executed in brick and stone. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The house was for many years home to the Delta Psi fraternity; is now owned by the University of Vermont.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward Wells House is located in eastern Burlington, at the northwest corner of Maple and Summit Streets. It is a large 2½ story structure, built out of stone and brick, capped by a truncated hip roof. The first floor is finished in rustically cut reddish limestone, laid in random courses, while the upper levels are finished in brown brick. The main facade is three bays wide, each with a different configuration of windows and decoration. Each bay is topped in the roof by a gabled dormer, that on the left larger than the other two. All three dormers feature terra cotta panels in the gable peaks, and have diamond-paned sash windows. The main entrance is sheltered by a deep hip-roofed porch, supported by clusters of round columns set on stone piers. The interior features lavish woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1891–92 for Edward Wells, who rose to great fortune in the manufacture of patent medicines. Wells was instrumental in the success of the Wells-Richardson Company, which advertised widely, and sold its products by mail order. The house was designed by Edgar Allan Poe Newcomb of Boston, Massachusetts. Its interior wood carvings were executed by Albert H. Whittekind of New York City, whose credits include carvings in the New York Public Library Main Branch and the current Chittenden County Superior Courthouse. Wells died in 1907, and his house was acquired in 1924 by the Delta Psi fraternity. By 2003, the fraternity was in decline, and in 2007 the house was purchased by the University of Vermont, which adapted for use as a guest quarters for visiting alumnae.</p><br>
<p>The Johann Schimmelpfennig Farmstead is a farm in Benton Township, Carver County, Minnesota listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The log and wood-framed buildings, built between 1856 and 1909, demonstrate the evolution of Minnesota farmsteads during that era.</p><br>
<p>Johann Schimmelpfennig, his wife Albertina, and his children emigrated to the United States in 1855 or 1856 from Bremen, now part of Germany. They homesteaded a quarter-section in Benton Township and built a log house in 1856. The original subsistence farm included the house, a barn, and a smaller hog barn, all of log construction. Johann expanded the farmstead in the 1870s by building a wood-frame addition onto the house, which was a common pattern throughout the county as farmers became more prosperous. He also built a detached summer kitchen and a larger barn. Also, as agricultural patterns shifted from subsistence and cash crops to livestock and dairy construction, family members accommodated this shift by building a much larger livestock barn in 1909, also of wood-frame construction.</p><br>
<p>The Mason City Downtown Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. Platted in 1855, Mason City is a commercial and industrial center for north central Iowa. It was also a railroad center, but the tracks bypassed the central business district in order to serve the industries located on the north side of town and the wholesale enterprises on the south side. Central Park, a public square, was part of the city&#39;s original plat and is the contributing site.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings in the downtown area were builder-contractor designed. Among the builders were Geo. P. Petersen & Son and M.M. Moen Company (later Davey & Moen). There are also several examples of architect designed buildings. They include Parker&#39;s Opera House (1883) by William Foster, the former Mason City Public Library (1904) by Patton & Miller, the Park Inn Hotel (1909) and the City National Bank (1910) by Frank Lloyd Wright, First National Bank (1911) by Liebbe, Nourse & Rasmussen, the MBA Building (1917) by Bell & Bentley, the Hanford Hotel (1921) by Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson, the YMCA (1926) by Tyrie and Chapman, and the former First Church of Christ, Scientist (1928) by Clyde W. Smith. There are also buildings designed by prominent local architects E.R. Bogardus and Karl Waggoner. An apartment building, The Kirk (1903), is also individually listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Susan La Flesche Picotte House is a modest wood frame house in Walthill, Nebraska built in 1907 that was a home of Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte, the first Native American medical doctor and a political advocate for the rights of the Omaha people.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-and-a-half-story wood frame house with simple detailing on a concrete block foundation. It is about 20 x in plan, and it has a one-story addition to the rear and a one-story porch. It looks distinctive relative to simpler gable roof houses, as it has a jerkinhead which clips off the pointy end of the gable, and it has returning eaves, thus making a trapezoidal shape on the front facade above the second floor windows. As of 2009, the house had its original clapboard siding and had recently been painted green with white and maroon trim, compatible with its appearance when Susan La Flesche Picotte lived there.</p><br>
<p>Also included on the property is a carriage house/garage which housed the carriage that she used to travel in her duties as a doctor and as a tribal leader.</p><br>
<p>Picotte lived in the home from 1907 until her death in 1916. The Dr. Susan Picotte Memorial Hospital, also in Walthill, was built in 1912-13 to serve as a facility for her practice.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco is a dormant stratovolcano at the border of Argentina  and Chile . It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a region of very high volcanic peaks on a high plateau close to the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places in the world. It is the second highest active volcano in the world after Ojos del Salado.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco was constructed during two different phases in the Pleistocene-Holocene by dacitic lava flows. The oldest rocks are about 1.5 million years old. About 150,000 years ago, the volcano&#39;s southeastern flank collapsed and generated a debris avalanche that reached as far as 25 km from the summit. The youngest dated rocks were erupted 5,600 ± 250 years ago in the summit region, but there are reports of activity from the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The mountain&#39;s first recorded climb was in 1950, but traces of earlier climbs, and a number of archeological sites, were found on the mountain and at its feet. With an archeological site at the summit region, Llullaillaco is the highest archeological site in the world. There, in 1999, the mummified remains of three children, known as the Children of Llullaillaco, were found. They are presumed to have been human sacrifices.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name Llullaillaco is derived from the Quechua word llulla meaning "false", "lie" or "deceitful" and yaku or llaco meaning "water". This name probably refers to the meltwater from snow, which flows down the slopes but then is absorbed into the soil. Normally such mountains are sources for water.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>Volcanism in the Andes is caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate and the Antarctic Plate beneath the South America Plate. The Nazca Plate subducts at a speed of 7 - and the Antarctic Plate at a speed of 2 cm/yr. Volcanism does not occur along a continuous chain; there are four separate regions named: the Northern Volcanic Zone, the Central Volcanic Zone, the Southern Volcanic Zone, and the Austral Volcanic Zone. The formation of magma results from the release of water and other volatile material from the subducting plate, which is then injected into the above-lying mantle wedge. The volcanic zones are separated by areas where the subducting plate subducts at a flatter angle and volcanism is absent. The Peruvian flat slab between the Northern and the Central Volcanic Zones is associated with the subduction of the Nazca Ridge, the Pampean flat slab between the Central and the Southern Volcanic Zone is associated with the subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge, and the Patagonian volcanic gap between the Southern and the Austral Volcanic Zone is associated with the Chile Triple Junction.</p><br>
<p>About 178 volcanoes are found in the Andes, 60 of which have been active in historical times. In addition, large calderas and monogenetic volcanoes exist in the Andes.</p><br>
<h3>Local setting</h3><br>
<p>Llullaillaco is part of the Central Volcanic Zone. At least 44 volcanic centres with historical activity and 18 large caldera-forming volcanoes have been identified in the Central Volcanic Zone. Volcanism in the Central Volcanic Zone mostly occurs on the Altiplano and the Cordillera Occidental. A number of volcanoes there reach heights of over 6,000 m above sea level. Large Miocene ignimbrites that cover large surfaces are also part of the regional geology. Llullaillaco is located about 300 km east of the Peru-Chile Trench. The Wadati-Benioff zone is 180 km deep.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco is located in the northwestern Argentine Andes, towards the southern end of the Puna. The border between Argentina (Salta Province) and Chile crosses the volcano. It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a region of very high volcanic peaks on a high plateau close to the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places in the world.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is an imposing mountain, rising by 3,800 m above the Salar de Punta Negra 36 km away. With a summit height of 6,723 m, or alternatively 6,739 m, it is the second highest active volcano in the world after Ojos del Salado (6,887 m, 27&deg;07&prime;S latitude, 68&deg;33&prime;W longitude). The height of the mountain and the clear air in the region make Llullaillaco visible from Cerro Paranal. The region is dry and located at high altitudes, making work in the area difficult.</p><br>
<p>17 km farther east of Llullaillaco lies the Miocene Cerro Rosado volcano (5,383 m). This volcano has erupted dacitic lava flows during the Pliocene-Quaternary on its northeastern and southern flanks. 20 km east of Llullaillaco, and behind Cerro Rosado, lies the Salar de Llullaillaco (3,750 m ), a salt pan with warm springs at its western and southwestern shores and three abandoned borate mines: Mina Amalia and the salt mines Mina Luisa and Mina Maria. Mitral mountain (5,015 m) lies southwest of Llullaillaco and is of Miocene age. It features an eroded crater that opens to the northwest. Iris mountain (5,461 m) north of Llullaillaco is constructed of Pliocene rocks. Other volcanoes in the neighbourhood are Dos Naciones, Cerro Silla, and Cerro 5074.</p><br>
<h3>The volcano</h3><br>
<p>Llullaillaco is a stratovolcano which rises 2,200 m above the surrounding terrain. The edifice has an elliptical shape with dimensions of 23 x and has a volume of about 50 km3. It is formed by thick dacitic lava flows erupted during the Quaternary. These flows extend away from the volcano and form its summit. An older unit is formed by ignimbrites and pyroclastic flows. Older lava flows extend west from the volcano and are partly buried by sediments closer to the edifice. These flows reach lengths of 20 km and form about 70% of the surface of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>The slopes of the volcano are fairly steep, with an altitude drop of 1,800 m over only 3 km horizontal distance. The slopes high up are steeper than those at lower altitudes. A crater at 6,100 m altitude was formed early in the development of the Llullaillaco volcano. Erosion has reduced it to a plateau. This crater is filled with snow and ice. The ice shows evidence of recent geothermal heating.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Llullaillaco is formed by a small cone with about four associated lava domes, which reach lengths of 1 - and have abrupt walls. Large dacitic coulees emanate from the summit of the volcano and are young in appearance. One extends north of the volcano and the other one south. Their overall length is 4.5 - and their flow fronts are up to 15 m thick. Morphologically, these flows are reddish-black aa lava flows and feature blocks with sizes of 5 m. The southern lava flow is 6 km long and was fairly viscous when it was erupted. It almost reaches a road southwest of the volcano. These flows feature levees and ridges. At first they were considered to be Holocene, but argon-argon dating indicates they are of late Pleistocene age. Some traces of glacier activity are found in the summit area.</p><br>
<p>At least two stages of construction are recognized, Llullaillaco I and Llullaillaco II. The first stage originated from two centres and is now extensively degraded by glaciation and hydrothermal alteration. This applies especially to the 5,561 m high Azufrera Esperanto mountain 5 km north of Llullaillaco, where little original volcanic substance is preserved and where erosion has exposed deeply altered white rock. Llullaillaco II on the southern and northeastern flank is better preserved; the toes of the lava flows reach thicknesses of 500 m. Its lava flows are less extensive than the ones of Llullaillaco I. Pyroclastic flow deposits with a composition similar to Llullaillaco II are found on the southern slope of the volcano and may have formed before the lava eruptions began.</p><br>
<p>Volcanism in the Central Volcanic Zone may be affected by deep-seated lineaments, which control where volcanoes and geothermal systems form. Such lineaments extend diagonally across the volcanic arc and are accompanied by volcanic manifestations at substantial distances from the arc. One of these lineaments, the Archibarca, runs beneath Llullaillaco and is also associated with the Escondida copper deposit, and the Llullaillaco, Corrida de Cori, Archibarca, Antofalla, and the Galán caldera. Other lineaments include the Calama-El Toro.</p><br>
<p>Several dry valleys originate on Llullaillaco, including Quebrada de las Zorritas on the north-northeastern slope, Quebrada El Salado and Quebrada Llullaillaco on the northwestern slope, and Quebrada La Barda on the southwestern slope. The Quebrada Llullaillaco drains into the Salar de Punta Negra northwest of the volcano. The volcano is relatively unaffected by water erosion.</p><br>
<p>Periglacial phenomena are observed on Llullaillaco, commencing at 4,300 m altitude and reaching their maximum around 5,100 - on the Chilean and 5,350 - on the Argentine side. There, solifluction and cryoplanation surfaces are developed, including lobe-shaped ground and block ramparts. These landforms have been mapped on the northwestern side of the volcano. Patterned ground is also common. Permafrost is found at higher altitudes. Cryoplanation and solifluction landforms are also observed on Iris and Mitral. Other than on periglacially influenced terrain, the ground at Llullaillaco is formed mostly by lavic rocks and block debris, which are frequently buried by tephra.</p><br>
<p>Two abandoned sulfur mines can be found north and south of Llullaillaco. The northern mine is known as Azufrera Esperanto and associated with an area of hydrothermal alteration. A path or road leads up to that mine from northwest.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco Sunset.jpgLlullaillaco during sunset</p><br>
<p>Parque Nacional Llullaillaco, Chile.jpgLlullailaco with a road leading to the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco from Base Camp on western slopes. See bobvillarreal.com for more.jpgLlullaillaco from the base camp.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco 2.jpgLava flow from Llullaillaco</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco 1.jpgLlullaillaco in Salta</p><br>
<h3>Debris avalanche</h3><br>
<p>A major landslide occurred in the volcanos history during the late Pleistocene, probably triggered by volcanic activity. This landslide descended the eastern-southeastern flanks of the volcano into Argentina, first over a steep slope of 20° on the volcano, split around Cerro Rosado and entered the Salina de Llullaillaco 25 km east of the summit, extending up to 5 km into the salar. The toe of the avalanche reaches a thickness of 10 m above the salar in the avalanches southern lobe. Part of the avalanche was channelled in a valley between Cerro Rosado and an unnamed volcano farther south. When it reached Cerro Rosado, the avalanche climbed about 400 m and mostly continued to flow southeast into the main avalanche path, with only a small flow continuing northeastwards. Part of the run-up avalanche later collapsed backwards over the main avalanche deposit. Unlike Socompa farther north, a landslide scar is only poorly developed at Llullaillaco despite the large size of the collapse; it was largely filled in later by lava flows and volcaniclastic debris.</p><br>
<p>This landslide has been subdivided into four facies and features landforms like levees up to 50 m high, longitudinal ridges and a run-up mark on Cerro Rosado. Such ridges may be associated with uneven underlying terrain. The surface of the slide is covered by lava bombs less than 1 m long, blocks exceeding 2 m width, cobbles, and gravel-like rocks. Close to the collapse scarp on Llullaillaco the largest blocks with sizes of up to 20 m are found. Overall, the margins of the landslide are very crisp and the surface covered by hummocks.</p><br>
<p>The landslide deposit covers a surface of about 165 km&sup2;. Its volume has been estimated at 1 - and the speed at 45 -. This speed range is comparable to that of the Colima, Lastarria, and Mount St. Helens debris avalanches. The landslide occurred no later than 156,000 – 148,000 ± 5,000 years ago, it might coincide with the 48,000 year old lava flow. Some volcanic rocks were still hot at the time of the collapse, indicating that volcanic activity occurred immediately before the collapse. A smaller undated avalanche occurred on the northeastern flank.</p><br>
<p>Such landslides are common at volcanoes, where they are favoured by the steep edifices that form from lava flows being stacked on top of each other. It is not usually known what triggers the collapse, although eruption-associated earthquakes are suspected to play a role. Other volcanoes in the region with sector collapses are: Lastarria, Ollague, San Pedro, Socompa, and Tata Sabaya. The Mellado and Cerro Rosado volcanoes close to Llullaillaco also display evidence of sector collapses.</p><br>
<h3>Basement</h3><br>
<p>The terrain around Llullaillaco consists of andesite and dacite lavas and pyroclastics of Miocene to Pliocene age. Some Oligocene-Miocene layers are exposed in the Quebrada de las Zorritas. Dates obtained by argon-argon dating range between 11.94 ± 0.13 and 5.48 ± 0.07 million years ago. 15 km west of Llullaillaco do Paleozoic granites and volcanites crop out. Elsewhere these layers are buried by Cenozoic rocks.</p><br>
<h3>Composition</h3><br>
<p>Llullaillaco has mostly erupted dacites with medium potassium content, with rocks becoming more felsic the younger they are. Rock samples taken from Llullaillaco are mostly porphyritic or vitrophyric, with a glassy or microcrystalline matrix. Phenocrysts are mostly plagioclase, with mafic phenocrysts being dominated by orthopyroxene and smaller amounts of biotite, clinopyroxene, and hornblende. Ilmenite, magnetite, and sulfide minerals are also present, magnetite especially in the more oxidized older lavas. Some phenocrysts show evidence of a complex history. Quartz is rare. Older lavas have developed a red colour and contain oxidized iron in form of hematite. Lavas from Llullaillaco I are grey. The content of is 65–67%.</p><br>
<p>The rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series. Trace element data are typical for Central Volcanic Zone rocks. High potassium content is typical for shoshonite-like lavas erupted at large distance from the trenches.</p><br>
<p>The composition may reflect magma differentiation in a solitary magma chamber, but with occasional replenisment with more primitive magma. Magma mixing and plagioclase crystallization occurred in it. A lithospheric structure probably directed magma flows over long time periods along the same pathway. The depth of the magma source probably varied over the history of the volcano. The total magma output at Llullaillaco is about 0.05 km3/kyr.</p><br>
<h3>Geological history</h3><br>
<p>Research by J.P. Richards and M. Villeneuve has allowed the determination of the geological history of the region. Had volcanism during the Eocene and Oligocene been centered on the Precordillera, increased subduction of the Nazca Plate during the late Oligocene caused the volcanic arc to broaden to about 250 km. 25 million years ago, the "Quechua event" triggered the uplift of the Puna-Altiplano, a highland covering a surface area of 500,000 km&sup2; and reaching an altitude of 3,700 m. In the late Miocene-Pliocene a phase of strong ignimbrite volcanism occurred. About 2 million years ago, the "Diaguita deformation" was characterized by a change in the deformation regimen from crustal shortening to strike-slip faulting and of volcanism from voluminous felsic eruptions to isolated stratovolcanoes and back-arc mafic volcanism. A slowdown in the subduction may have caused this change. Nowadays most volcanism occurs at the western edge of the Puna, where volcanoes such as Lascar and Llullaillaco formed.</p><br>
<h2>Climate, glaciers and biota</h2><br>
<p>The climate at Llullaillaco is cold and dry. The average temperature is about -13 &deg;C, with temperature maximums ranging -8 - between summer and winter. Ground temperatures however can reach 12.5 &deg;C during the day in summer. The temperature of the ground fluctuates strongly during the day. The climate is extremely sunny on account of the lack of a cloud cover, the high altitude, and the close coincidence between summer solstice with the day where Earth is closest to the Sun. Snowfall can occur down to altitudes of 4,000 m. Precipitation is episodic to the point that it is difficult to give average values. It is most often associated with either convective or cyclonic activity during summer and winter respectively.</p><br>
<p>Small glaciers are found above 6,000 m altitude. Other sources contend there are no glaciers on Llullaillaco, which would make it the highest mountain in the world without one; although the existence of an ice slab on the western slope was reported in 1958. However, Llullaillaco has snow fields. Firn and penitentes cover large surfaces above that altitude, especially in more sheltered areas. 1 m high penitentes were observed in 1954. Snow covers the terrain above 5,400 - altitude. Gullies that are found in the area probably result from meltwater runoff. The snowfields on Llullaillaco supply water to the Salar de Punta Negra.</p><br>
<p>The existence of a cirque on the northwestern slope has been postulated. It was once believed that Llullaillaco had experienced three large glaciations, but the "moraines" are actually mudflow deposits. However, during the Pleistocene glaciers reached down to 5,100 m altitude on the northwestern slope. Lava flows have overrun some of the glaciated surfaces and it is possible that lava flows induced the melting of glaciers. A number of glacial landforms elsewhere were destroyed by mudflows during the time of Llullaillaco&#39;s last activity. Llullaillaco may not have been glaciated at all during the Pleistocene.</p><br>
<p>Between 24 and 25° degrees southern latitude the Andean Dry Diagonal crosses the Andes. At this latitude, half of the precipitation falls in summer and the other half in winter. The formation of this dry diagonal is an effect both of the rainshadow effect of the Andes, air subsidence within South Pacific High, and the cold Humboldt Current off the Pacific coast. This is the reason why the Atacama Desert exists. The extremely arid climate at Llullaillaco is also a consequence of these climatic effects.</p><br>
<p>Vegetation is scarce in the arid climate. Vegetation at Llullaillaco begins at 3,700 - altitude with Acantholippia punensis, Atriplex imbricata, and Cristaria andicola. They are joined at 3,900 m altitude by Stipa frigida which can be found up to 4,910 m of altitude. The maximum vegetation density is found around 4,250 m with 12% of the surface and decreases thereafter, probably due to the low temperatures. At this altitude, Adesmia spinosissima, Fabiana bryoides, Mulinum crassifolium, and Parastrephia quadrangularis are found in addition to the previously mentioned plants. Weakly developed bacterial communities have been found in the soils at Llullaillaco; some may depend on volcanic carbon monoxide.</p><br>
<p>Dry valleys and sheltered areas feature grasses. A permanent spring is found in Quebrada de las Zorritas. Deposits in this valley indicate that between 2,436.8 ± 49 and 1,593.1 ± 36 radiocarbon years ago runoff was more intense.</p><br>
<p>Casualidad C 23.jpgLlullaillaco from Salar Rio Grande</p><br>
<p>Salar de Aguas Calientes IV, Región de Antofagasta.JPGLlullaillaco from Salar de Aguas Calientes IV</p><br>
<h2>Archeology</h2><br>
<p>In 1999, a team of archeologists found three mummies of children on the top of Llullaillaco. At the time of their death they were six, seven, and fifteen years old. They were ostensibly human sacrifices offered to the gods of the Inka pantheon on mountaintops. In 2003 they were at the Catholic University of Salta, but starting from 2007 they can be found at the Museum of High Altitude Archaeology of Argentina.</p><br>
<p>The mummies were found buried 1.7 m beneath a 11 x large platform. The existence of ruins in the summit area had been reported during the first climb of the volcano in 1950.</p><br>
<p>Other archeological objects found along with the mummies included: headdresses with feathers, pottery, statues made out of gold and silver and textiles. A total of 145 objects were found together with the mummies. The hairs found with the mummies and as offerings accompanying the mummies have been subject of research to establish the background of the victims.</p><br>
<p>At least three paths lead up to Llullaillaco. Two of them meet at a tambo or inn at an altitude of 5,200 m, while the third passes through a cementerio (cemetery) where 16 bodies were found in 1972 before reaching the tambo. From the tambo another path leads up the mountain, past two further archeological sites to 6,000 m of altitude. At this altitude the path is marked by cairns, probably to indicate where the path is when the volcano is covered by snow. The path ends at 6,500 m altitude at the Portezuelo de Inka ruins, where a staircase begins. From these ruins one path goes to a cemetery at 6,715 m altitude and another to the summit platform. The other path reaches two subrectangular walls 20 m farther up, and continues to the platform where the mummies were found. These are the highest archeological sites in the world. The paths were discovered by Mark Rebitsch in 1958.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco appears to have been the most important Inca sacred mountain in the region. Archeological sites are also found in the valleys that drain Llullaillaco towards the Salar de Punta Negra, including the Quebrada Llullaillaco and the Quebrada de las Zorritas. The paths connect with the major north-south axis that runs between San Pedro de Atacama and Copiapo. This axis is associated with the extensive Inca road system.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive history</h2><br>
<p>Llullaillaco I is of early Pleistocene age. The oldest date, 1.5 ± 0.4 million years ago, was determined on a lava flow northwest of Llullaillaco&#39;s main edifice. Two dates obtained on lava flows of Llullaillaco II are 401,000 ± 6,000 and 1,500,000 ± 400,000 years ago, based on argon-argon dating and potassium-argon dating respectively. Surface exposure dating based on helium has yielded ages of 41,000 ± 1,000 years for Llullaillaco I at over 5,000 m altitude and of 5,600 ± 250 years for Llullaillaco II at an altitude of over 6,000 m.</p><br>
<p>The northern young lava flow is less than one million years old based on potassium-argon dating, the southern flow is 48,000 ± 12,000 years old based on argon-argon dating on biotite.</p><br>
<p>Llullaillaco has been active in historical time, with the last eruption occurring in the late 19th century. Eruptions were recorded in February 1854, September 1868, and May 1877, involving two explosive eruptions and one with lava flows. According to a report in 1899, during the 1868 eruption large fissures opened on its slopes. The last eruption consisted of smoking reported at the time of the 1877 Iquique earthquake.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is currently considered dormant. Future eruptive activity may cause sector collapses, although they would be a small danger to human life, given that the area is sparsely inhabited.</p><br>
<p>Ruins of Temple of Jupiter refers to an archaeological site in Silifke, Turkey.</p><br>
<p>Silifke is a ilçe (district) in Mersin Province. Although the city which was founded by Seleucus I Nicator is an old city, the ground level of the city was elevated because of the floods caused by Göksu River (Calycadnus of the antiquity) and there arent many archaeological remains on the surface of the present city fabric. Jupiters temple is a notable exception because it was originally built on a 2 m high platform. Presently, there is no official restoration work on the ruins. But they are protected by fencing. They are situated to the west of the İnönü Boulevard of Silifke at 36&deg;22&prime;33&Prime;N latitude, 33&deg;55&prime;49&Prime;E longitude.</p><br>
<p>Jupiter&#39;s Temple was built in the 2nd cenrtury AD during the Roman Empire. It was a peripteros type temple with 14x 8 corinthian columns. Its outer dimensions were 40 m length and 21 m width. The height of the columns were 10 m. Presently only one column is standing. During the Byzantine Empire era, the temple was transformed into a church.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>According to historian Zosimus of the 5th century, when the fields around Silifke were infested by grasshoppers, Silifke citizens asked the god Apollo to protect their crop. Apollo sent a flock of grasshopper-eating birds. The people built the temple to show their gratitude.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Guanyin also known as the National Forest Park of Mount Guanyin, is a 488 m mountain on the border of Dongguan and Shenzhen in Zhangmutou Town of Dongguan, south Chinas Guangdong province. On December 28, 2009, it has been categorized as a 4A level tourist site by the National Tourism Administration. It was added to the International Eco-Safety Cooperative Organization of the United Nationss list of the model foundation of international ecological traveling in China in October 2006. Established in 2000, Mount Guanyin National Forest Park is a multifunctional park integrating ecological sightseeing, entertainment, bodybuilding and religious and cultural tourism.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In June 2001, a statue of Saint Guanyin was completed. It is 33 m high and weighs 3,300,000 kg. Statue of Saint Guanyin sits in the lotus posture with a vase of clean water in hand, wearing Keyuru, necklaces and decoration and a precious crown on the head. There is a sitting statue of Amitābha on the crown, which is the main symbol of Saint Guanyin.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Museum of Ancient Trees was founded by the Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences and the park, which is the first ancient tree museum in China. It was officially opened to the public on January 11, 2013.</p><br>
<p>In May 2013, the International Convention Centre was completed and officially opened to the public.</p><br>
<p>On December 28, 2009, the Mount Guanyin National Forest Park has been rated as a national 4A level scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration. It is the first national forest park of Dongguan authorized by the Bureau of Forestry of China.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Guanyin is protected within Mount Guanyin National Forest Park.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The mount enjoys a subtropical maritime monsoon climate and has plenty of rainfall and sunshine, the lowest temperature is 5 °C. Summer usually lasts from April 6 to October 10.</p><br>
<h3>Natural history</h3><br>
<p>There are more than 73 families and 199 plant species in the mount, including Ixonanthes chinensis, Artocarpus hypargyreus, Brainea insignis, Camellia nitidissima, Camellia sinensis, and Dimocarpus longan.</p><br>
<p>Animals that inhabit the mount are Asiatic salamander, Pangolin, and Owls.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Guanyin National Forest Park has more than twenty tourist spots, including:</p><br>
<p>Guanyin Square</p><br>
<p>Statue of Saint Guanyin</p><br>
<p>Guanyin Temple</p><br>
<p>Hall of Three Saints</p><br>
<p>Xiangong Peak</p><br>
<p>Pudu Creek</p><br>
<p>Thanksgiving Lake</p><br>
<p>Huiyin Wall</p><br>
<p>Yixin Pavilion</p><br>
<p>Ciyun Pavilion</p><br>
<p>Guanpu Pavilion</p><br>
<p>Museum of Ancient Trees</p><br>
<p>International Convention Centre</p><br>
<p>Xianquan Natatorium</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Take train from Guangzhou Railway Station or Guangzhou East Railway Station to Zhangmutou Station.</p><br>
<p>Take train from Shenzhen Railway Station to Zhangmutou Station.</p><br>
<p>Take bus No. 6 to Mount Guanyin National Forest Park Station.</p><br>
<p>The Cobb School is a historic district schoolhouse at Cobb School Road and Bridgman Hill Road in Hardwick, Vermont. Built in the 1840s, it is a well-preserved example of a Greek Revival district school building. It served as a school until 1946, aided by modernization steps taken in the early 20th century to maintain state standards. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Cobb School building stands in a rural area of central northern Hardwick, on a wooded lot at the west side of the junction of Cobb School and Bridgman Hill Roads. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and a foundation of large granite slabs. A square open belfry rises from the center of the roof ridge, capped by a pyramidal roof. The main facade is three bays wide, with outer bays housing small fixed-pane square windows, and the centered entrance flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a hood with large plain angled brackets. The building corners have simple pilasters, which rise to an entablature on the sides. The north side entablature is interrupted by a bank of windows, an early 1900s alteration. The building interior has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Cobb School was built to serve Hardwick&#39;s District Four in the 1840s. It was built on land donated by John Cobb, to whom school-designated land had been leased by the town as a means of subsidizing the costs of education. The school underwent an interior update in the late 19th century, and in the early 20th century two banks of windows were added, a response to state standards on lighting conditions in schools. The building was electrified in 1915, but was never fitted with plumbing while it served as a school. It closed, due to declining enrollment and a comparatively high cost of operation in 1946. It was then converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>The Jaynes Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, carrying Codding Hollow Road across the North Branch Lamoille River in Waterville, Vermont. Built in 1877, it is one of three 19th-century covered bridges in the town, and one of five to span the North Branch Lamoille in a five-mile span. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jaynes Covered Bridge stands in northern Waterville, a short way east of Vermont Route 109 on Codding Hill Road. It spans the North Branch Lamoille River, which flows south through the village of Waterville to the main branch of the river further south. The bridge is a single-span queen post truss structure, 56.5 ft long and 15 ft wide, with a roadway width of 12 ft (one lane). It is covered by a gabled metal roof, and its exterior is finished in vertical board siding which stops short of the eaves. The bridge deck has been replaced by steel I-beams covered with wooden planking, so the trusses now only carry the superstructure. The joints between the truss posts and diagonals have also been reinforced with steel plating.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built about 1877; its builder is unknown. It is one three period bridges in the town (all spanning the same river). Along with another two in neighboring Belvidere, this assemblage of bridges makes for one of the state&#39;s highest concentrations of bridges on a single waterway.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Yangtai also known as Mount Yangtai Forest Park, is a mountain at the junction of Bao&#39;an District and Nanshan District in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The peak is 587.3 m in elevation, which is the highest peak in western Shenzhen. In 2008 The mount is rated as a one of the eight scenic spots of Shenzhen by the Shenzhen government.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the local people and Dongjiang Column rescued many cultural celebrities, including Mao Dun, He Xiangning, and Zou Taofen.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Yangtai abounds with secondary south subtropical rain forest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The Mount Yangtai is in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of 22.4 &deg;C, a total annual rainfall of 1,948.6 mm, and 2120 annual average sunshine hours. The highest temperature is 36.6 &deg;C, and the lowest temperature is 1.4 &deg;C.</p><br>
<h3>Streams</h3><br>
<p>Rivers with headwaters on the mountain include: Shiyan Stream, Baimang Stream and Mashan Stream.</p><br>
<h3>Reservoirs</h3><br>
<p>Shiyan Reservoir, Xili Reservoir, Tiegang Reservoir, Gaofeng Reservoir, and Laiwushan Reservoir are located at the foot of Mount Yangtai.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Take bus No. 101、226、104、M203、240、B796 from Nanshan District to Xili Lake Station</p><br>
<p>Take bus No. 332, 624, 882, or m233 from Longhua Bus Station to Yangtaishan Station</p><br>
<p>The Wells-Jackson Carriage House Complex is a well-preserved complex of estate outbuildings at 192-194 Jackson Court and 370 Maple Street in Burlington, Vermont. Built in 1901 as part of a larger estate, the complex includes a carriage house, tack house, and coachman&#39;s quarters of a quality unrivaled in the state. Obsoleted by the advent of the automobile, the buildings have been converted to residential use. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Wells-Jackson Carriage House Complex is located in a residential area between downtown Burlington and the University of Vermont campus, on the south side of Jackson Court, a short, densely built residential side street off South Willard Street. The complex includes three buildings: the wood-frame tack house and coachmans quarters, both set near the street, and the large brick carriage house, which stands behind those two, and is accessed via a drive between them. The tack house and coachmans house both have redstone foundations, and have exteriors finished in a combination of wooden clapboards and shingles in the Queen Anne Victorian style. The carriage house has a 2-1/2 story main block, from which two large wings project. Its main entrance, facing north towards Jackson Court, has a large two-leaf doorway topped by a hayloft entrance in the form of a Palladian window. These are set in a two-story round arch panel with brick quoined borders and a granite keystone. The interior of the carriage barn was, at the time of its construction, fitted with a wide array of modern amenities, including steam heat, electricity, and plumbing.</p><br>
<p>The complex was built by the widow of William Wells and her son-in-law, Dr. H Nelson Jackson. The family owned an estate whose surviving house is located north of here, but is separated by later infill residential construction. The Wellses had become wealthy in the business of manufacturing patent medicines, and the elaborate amenities (which resulted in horses being stabled in better conditions than some of Burlingtons human residents) reflected the familys wish for the highest quality. The buildings represent the final epitome of carriage houses and horse-related outbuildings, which were soon obsoleted by the advent of the automobile. These buildings only saw relatively brief use as their intended function, and the tack house and portions of the carriage house were soon converted to residential use. The remaining portions of the carriage house were converted to residential use later in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Rock Crest–Rock Glen Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. All of the buildings are houses designed in the Prairie School style, and are a part of a planned development. Joshua Melson, a local developer, bought the property along Willow Creek between 1902 and 1908. Initially there were only going to be 10 houses built, but the number grew to 16. While only half the houses planned were actually constructed, it is still the largest cluster of Prairie School houses in the country. The one non-contributing house is the 1959 McNider House, a Modern movement structure that was built where one of the planned houses was to be built, but never was. The architects who contributed to the district include Walter Burley Griffin, who provided the initial plan for the development; Barry Byrne, who took over from Griffin; Marion Mahony Griffin, a qualified architect who had worked in Frank Lloyd Wrights office, and who was Walter Griffins wife; and Einar Broaten. Frank Lloyd Wright had a design that was never built here. The plans were used to build the Isabel Roberts House in River Forest, Illinois instead.</p><br>
<p>The mill was built in 1870, and it was the second mill built in Mason City. When the Rock Crest–Rock Glen plans were finalized, the mill was dismantled and the stone foundations maintained to house a hydroelectric station for the development. The station was never built. Other plans included having them used as a pier support for a bridge across Willow Creek, and for a small summer house. Those plans also were never executed.</p><br>
